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A fallacy of division occurs when one reasons logically that something true for the whole must also be true of all or some of its parts. An example: # The 2nd grade in Michael Moore elementary eats a lot of ice cream # Carlos is a 2nd grader in Michael Moore elementary # Therefore, Carlos eats a lot of ice cream The converse of this fallacy is called fallacy of composition, which arises when one fallaciously attributes a property of some part of a thing to the thing as a whole. Both fallacies were addressed by Aristotle in ''Sophistical Refutations''. In the philosophy of the ancient Greek Anaxagoras, as claimed by the Roman atomist Lucretius, it was assumed that the atoms constituting a substance must themselves have the salient observed properties of that substance: so atoms of water would be wet, atoms of iron would be hard, atoms of wool would be soft, etc. This doctrine is called ''homoeomeria'', and it depends on the fallacy of division. If a system as a whole has some property that none of its constituents has (or perhaps, it has it but not as a ''result'' of some constituent having that property), this is sometimes called an ''emergent'' property of the system. ==Examples== In statistics an ecological fallacy is a logical fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data where inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong. The four common statistical ecological fallacies are: confusion between ecological correlations and individual correlations, confusion between group average and total average, Simpson's paradox, and other statistical methods. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fallacy of division」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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